Pathology MCQs
Pathology MCQs are designed to test a student's understanding of disease mechanisms, histopathology, and clinical correlations. Questions range from general pathology to systemic diseases affecting organs like the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Ideal for MDCAT, NTS, USMLE, and FCPS aspirants, these quizzes help reinforce critical concepts and bridge the gap between theory and clinical application.
Q: The hallmark of reversible cell injury is
A) Cellular swelling
B) Nuclear fragmentation
C) Fibrosis
D) Membrane rupture
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Cellular swelling is an early sign of reversible injury due to ion imbalance.
Q: Inflammation is the body’s response to
A) Cell growth
B) Hormonal change
C) Oxygen saturation
D) Tissue injury
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Inflammation is triggered by harmful stimuli such as pathogens or damaged cells.
Q: Chronic inflammation often includes
A) Neutrophils
B) Macrophages
C) Basophils
D) Erythrocytes
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Macrophages dominate in chronic inflammation for tissue repair and debris clearance.
Q: Caseous necrosis resembles
A) Glassy material
B) Liquid structure
C) Gel-like mass
D) Cheese-like appearance
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Caseous necrosis, often seen in TB, has a soft, white, cheese-like consistency.
Q: Fatty change in liver is commonly due to
A) Alcohol abuse
B) Vitamin D
C) Protein intake
D) Sugar deficiency
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Alcohol metabolism disrupts lipid processing, leading to fat accumulation in hepatocytes.
Q: Hyperplasia involves
A) Cell mutation
B) Increased cell number
C) Necrotic expansion
D) Decreased cell size
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hyperplasia results from an increased number of cells due to physiological or pathological stimuli.
Q: Metaplasia represents
A) Genetic mutation
B) Change in cell type
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cell rupture
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible change where one cell type is replaced by another better suited to stress.
Q: Edema refers to
A) Tissue shrinkage
B) Muscle growth
C) Enzyme loss
D) Fluid accumulation
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Edema is the accumulation of excess fluid in tissues.
Q: Apoptosis occurs through
A) External trauma
B) Sudden infection
C) Programmed mechanisms
D) Random rupture
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Apoptosis is a regulated process of cell death without triggering inflammation.
Q: Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in
A) Stroke
B) Appendicitis
C) Leukemia
D) Myocardial infarction
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Ischemic injury to the heart leads to coagulative necrosis.