Pathology MCQs
Pathology MCQs assess knowledge of disease mechanisms, histopathology, and systemic conditions. Covering organs like liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys, they help MDCAT, USMLE, NTS, and FCPS aspirants strengthen concepts and clinical understanding.
Q: Cellular adaptation in response to chronic irritation
A) Hypertrophy
B) Metaplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Hyperplasia
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another better suited to withstand stress.
Q: Accumulation of lipofuscin is a marker of
A) Infection
B) Proliferation
C) Inflammation
D) Aging
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Lipofuscin is a yellow-brown pigment resulting from the breakdown of lipid-containing structures during aging.
Q: Apoptosis differs from necrosis by involving
A) Cell swelling
B) DNA fragmentation
C) Inflammatory response
D) Rupture of plasma membrane
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Apoptosis is a regulated process involving DNA fragmentation without eliciting an inflammatory response.
Q: Hypertrophy is best exemplified by
A) Liver regeneration
B) Skeletal muscle in athletes
C) Uterine lining during menstruation
D) Breast tissue during lactation
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Skeletal muscle cells enlarge in response to increased workload, illustrating hypertrophy.
Q: Major hallmark of inflammation
A) Vasodilation
B) Fibrosis
C) Ischemia
D) Cell death
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vasodilation increases blood flow to the affected area, a classic feature of acute inflammation.