Physiology MCQs
Physiology MCQs help medical and dental students develop a thorough understanding of the body's functional mechanisms. These multiple-choice questions focus on various systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, endocrine, and neurophysiology. Practicing these MCQs enhances knowledge retention and exam performance in tests like MDCAT, NTS, USMLE, and FCPS. Whether you're preparing for academic exams or professional licensure, these quizzes provide a solid framework for mastering the dynamic processes of the human body.
Q: The normal resting membrane potential of neurons is about
A) −30 mV
B) +70 mV
C) −70 mV
D) 0 mV
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Neurons maintain a negative potential inside due to ionic gradients and membrane permeability.
Q: The blood vessel layer controlling vasoconstriction
A) Tunica adventitia
B) Endothelium
C) Tunica media
D) Tunica intima
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The tunica media contains smooth muscle that regulates vessel diameter.
Q: The region responsible for language production
A) Wernicke’s area
B) Occipital lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Broca’s area
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Broca’s area in the frontal lobe is involved in motor aspects of speech.
Q: The phase of the action potential when sodium channels open
A) Resting phase
B) Depolarization
C) Repolarization
D) Hyperpolarization
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sodium influx during depolarization causes rapid upstroke in potential.
Q: Acid-base imbalance resulting from prolonged vomiting
A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Respiratory alkalosis
C) Metabolic acidosis
D) Respiratory acidosis
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Loss of gastric acid leads to a metabolic shift toward alkalosis.
Q: The effect of sympathetic stimulation on heart rate
A) Increases
B) Irregular
C) Decreases
D) No effect
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Sympathetic input increases the rate and force of cardiac contractions.
Q: The hormone that raises blood calcium levels
A) Insulin
B) Calcitonin
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Thyroxine
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: PTH increases calcium reabsorption in kidneys and release from bones.
Q: Pulmonary circulation differs from systemic by having
A) Deoxygenated arteries
B) Higher pressure
C) Oxygenated veins
D) Thicker walls
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Q: The fastest conduction in the heart occurs in
A) AV node
B) Bundle of His
C) Purkinje fibers
D) SA node
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Purkinje fibers rapidly distribute impulses for coordinated ventricular contraction.
Q: Peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract is regulated by
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Lymphatic system
C) Central nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The enteric nervous system independently coordinates gut motility.